Effectiveness of intravesical ozone in interstitial cystitis by the O'Leary-Sant symptom index.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: A prospective clinical, preliminary study was performed in patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) who were nonresponders to conventional treatment and received intravesical ozone as a therapeutic alternative. METHODS: Sixteen patients received six applications of intravesical ozone at a concentration of 41 µg/mL. We evaluated therapeutic efficacy by the percentage reduction of Interstitial Cystitis Symptom and Problem Index scores (ICSI/ICPI-the O'Leary-Sant symptom index), recurrence rate, nonresponse, and side effects in scores collected on admission (pre-treatment), at the end of the therapeutic protocol (post-treatment), and 180 days (follow-up) after the last ozone application. RESULTS: The mean age of women was 52.9 years (SD: 15.5), and the duration of symptoms was 5.7 years (SD: 7.1). The median ICSI on admission was 17 (IQR: 14.25-19.5) and at follow-up was 0.5 (IQR: 0-2), with a reduction of 97.5% (CI: 85.7-100). The median ICSI/ICPI on admission was 31.5 (IQR: 29-35.2) and at follow-up was 2.0 (IQR: 0-3.75), with a reduction of 92.3% (CI: 88.8-100). The recurrence rate was only 6.25%, and no patients were nonresponders to the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The application of intravesical ozone was effective in the treatment of patients with IC/BPS who were nonresponders to conventional therapy, showing a progressive and safe effect, at least in the short term.

Predictors of functional communication in people with aphasia after stroke / Preditores de comunicação funcional em pessoas com afasia após acidente vascular cerebral

Abstract Background Aphasia, the most common language disorder secondary to stroke, has been associated with increased mortality, longer hospitalization and rehabilitation times, worse performance in daily activities, increased financial burden, and short- and long-term complications. Aphasia can negatively impact functional communication skills, including social networks, social activities, relationships with other people and social support. Objective To evaluate patients with poststroke aphasia in their respective residences to investigate potential predictors of functional communication. Methods The prospective cohort included patients with poststroke aphasia aged 18 years or older who resided in the city of Salvador, Northeastern Brazil. Following discharge from the Stroke Unit (SU), the individuals themselves, or their guardians, were contacted by telephone to schedule a home visit no less than three months after discharge. At baseline, sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, in addition to the scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Barthel Index (mBI). The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults (ASHA FACS) was applied at the patients' homes. Multivariate linear regression was employed using the total score on the ASHA FACS as the outcome of interest. Results A multivariate analysis of the associated factors identified using the linear regression revealed that only functional capacity (as assessed by the mBI) upon discharge from the SU remained as an independent predictor of functional communication performance (β = 0.042; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.013-0.071; p = 0.002). Conclusion The functional capacity to perform daily activities, evaluated upon discharge from a stroke unit, was identified as a potential predictor of functional communication performance, regardless of the time elapsed after the stroke.

Resumo Antecedentes A afasia, distúrbio de linguagem mais comum secundário ao acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), está associada ao aumento da mortalidade, a um maior tempo de internação e reabilitação, ao pior desempenho nas atividades diárias, ao aumento da carga financeira, e às complicações de curto e longo prazos. Pode impactar negativamente as habilidades de comunicação funcional, incluindo atividades sociais, relacionamento com outras pessoas, e o apoio social. Objetivo Avaliar pacientes com afasia pós-AVC em suas respectivas residências para investigar potenciais preditores de comunicação funcional. Métodos A coorte prospectiva incluiu pacientes com afasia pós-AVC com 18 anos de idade ou mais, residentes em Salvador, Brasil. Após a alta da Unidade de AVC (UAVC), os próprios indivíduos, ou seus responsáveis, foram contatados por telefone para agendamento de visita domiciliar no mínimo três meses após a alta. Inicialmente, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, além das pontuações na National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) e no Índice de Barthel modificado (IBM). O American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Functional Assessment of Communication Skills for Adults (ASHA FACS) foi aplicado no domicílio dos pacientes. A regressão linear multivariada foi empregada usando a pontuação total no ASHA FACS como o desfecho de interesse. Resultados A análise multivariada por meio de regressão linear revelou que apenas a capacidade funcional avaliada na alta da UAVC permaneceu como preditor independente do desempenho da comunicação funcional (β = 0,042; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] = 0,013-0,071; p = 0,002). Conclusão A capacidade funcional para realizar as atividades diárias, avaliada na alta hospitalar, foi identificada como potencial preditor do desempenho da comunicação funcional, independente do tempo desde o AVC.

Analysis of pain relief and functional recovery in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy through therapeutic ultrasound and photobiomodulation therapy: a comparative study.

This study aimed to compare shoulder tendinopathy treatment with therapeutic ultrasound combined with LED photobiomodulation therapy using LED-infrared (850 nm) or LED-red (640 nm). The study assessed 75 patients, aged 45 to 70 years, distributed into five experimental groups (15 patients each): therapeutic ultrasound (US), infrared light irradiation (IR), visible red light irradiation (VR), infrared light and ultrasound combined (IR-US), and red light in conjunction with ultrasound (VR-US). The ultrasound parameters are 1 MHz, 0.5 W/cm2 (SATA), and 100 Hz repetition rate, applied for 4 min each session. LED irradiation protocols were as follows: 3 points, 7.5 J per point, IR-LED 750 mW, 10 s, VR-LED 250 mW, 30 s. LED irradiation is followed by ultrasound in the combined therapies. The efficiency of the five therapies was evaluated assessing 12 parameters: quality of life (Health Assessment Questionnaire, HAQ), pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale, VAS), articular amplitude of shoulder movement (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation), muscle strength (abduction, lateral rotation), and electromyography (lateral rotation, abduction). Treatments comprised 12 sessions for 4 weeks. Intra-group analysis showed that the five therapies significantly improved the recovery of all parameters after treatment. Regarding the comparison of irradiated therapies and ultrasound, statistical analysis showed that IR-US was a better treatment than US for all 12 parameters. IR treatment exceeded US on 9 items, whereas that VR and VR-US therapies exceeded US in 7 and 10 parameters, respectively (p < 0.05). Because of that, IR-US shows to be the best treatment for rotator cuff tendinopathy. In conclusion, improvements in quality of life, pain intensity relief, shoulder amplitude motion, and muscle strength force obtained with ultrasound therapy are enhanced by adding infrared LED irradiation to ultrasound for patients suffering from rotator cuff tendinopathy. This study was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) under Universal Trial Number (UTN) U1111-1219-3594 (2018/22/08).

Metatranscriptomics Analysis Reveals Diverse Viral RNA in Cutaneous Papillomatous Lesions of Cattle.

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is associated with bovine papillomatosis, a disease that forms benign warts in epithelial tissues, as well as malignant lesions. Previous studies have detected a co-infection between BPV and other viruses, making it likely that these co-infections could influence disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and annotate viral genes in cutaneous papillomatous lesions of cattle. Sequences were obtained from the GEO database, and an RNA-seq computational pipeline was used to analyze 3 libraries from bovine papillomatous lesions. In total, 25 viral families were identified, including Poxviridae, Retroviridae, and Herpesviridae. All libraries shared similarities in the viruses and genes found. The viral genes shared similarities with BPV genes, especially for functions as virion entry pathway, malignant progression by apoptosis suppression and immune system control. Therefore, this study presents relevant data extending the current knowledge regarding the viral microbiome in BPV lesions and how other viruses could affect this disease.

Systemic Effects of Photobiomodulation on Blood Components in the Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

Background: The analysis of the complete blood count (CBC) of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an essential practice both for diagnosing the disease and for evaluating the patient's clinical evolution. It is proposed in the present study to analyze the hematological alterations resulting from photobiostimulation using near-infrared light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in patients with CAP. Methods: This was a clinical, prospective, blinded, and descriptive longitudinal study that involved 21 patients undergoing CAP treatment who were divided into two groups: LED, 11 patients who were treated with infrared LED and conventional treatment; and CON (control), 10 patients who received only conventional treatment (antibiotic therapy and physiotherapy). Physiotherapy was applied before LED irradiation in the LED group. The patients' CBCs were obtained before and after treatment, and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations, and leukocyte and platelet counts were assessed. The phototherapy was performed with a vest with an array of 300 LEDs (940 nm) mounted on an area of 36 × 58 cm and positioned in the patient's anterior thoracic and abdominal regions. The total power was 6 W, with 15 min of irradiation time. The patients were treated daily for seven consecutive days. Statistical analyses of the intra- and intergroups of CBC data were done using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), respectively, both at the significance level of α = 0.05. Results: There was a statistically significant recovery difference after treatment in the LED group compared with the CON group for erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, segmented and band neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes (p < 0.05). The greatest differences between the LED and CON groups were lymphocyte count reduction (60% vs. 16%), erythrocyte increase (86% vs. 35%), and leukocyte reduction (28% vs. 15%). Conclusions: The hematologic components of CAP patients recovered their normal values faster with conventional treatment associated with infrared LED therapy, thus indicating greater treatment efficiency when compared with the conventional therapy. This study was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBeC) under Universal Trial Number (UTN) U1111-1229-1296 (2019/06/05).

Coronel Vírus chegou. Notas etnográficas sobre a Covid-19 entre vulnerabilizados da cidade do Rio de Janeiro / Colonel Virus has arrived. Ethnographic notes about Covid-19 among vulnerable people in the city of Rio de Janeiro / Llegó el Virus Coronel. Notas etnográficas sobre Covid-19 entre las personas vulnerables en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro

Resumo Os dois primeiros meses da chegada da Covid-19 no Brasil e em especial na cidade do Rio de Janeiro suscitaram inúmeras controvérsias. Uma delas se deu em torno dos corpos que teriam que se manter expostos ao vírus para garantir o funcionamento dos serviços que "não podiam parar" ou que estariam envolvidos diretamente no combate da doença. Na pandemia, neste evento de "tirar o fôlego", foram equiparados médicos e demais profissionais da saúde, populações vulnerabilizadas, trabalhadores precarizados, idosos e pacientes crônicos. Através do relato de uma saída para visitar meu pai, da interação em páginas de bairro do Facebook, em conversas com interlocutores (por telefone e em grupos de WhatsApp) e através de notícias de diferentes mídias, o texto acompanha algumas polêmicas, em especial, a ideia aceita por segmentos da sociedade e do governo de que determinados corpos poderiam permanecer mais expostos ao vírus e, por conseguinte, mais expostos à morte.

Abstract The first two months of Covid-19 in Brazil, specifically in the city of Rio de Janeiro, sparked a number of controversies. One of them was around bodies that would have to remain exposed to the virus to guarantee the functioning of services that "could not stop" or that would be directly involved in fighting the disease. In the pandemic, this "breathtaking" event, doctors and other health professionals, vulnerable populations, precarious workers, the elderly and chronic patients were equated. Through the narrative of a visit to my father, interactions on neighborhood Facebook pages, conversations with interlocutors (by phone and in WhatsApp groups), and through news from diverse media sources, the text follows some controversies; in particular, the idea accepted by segments of society and government that certain bodies could remain more exposed to the virus and therefore more exposed to death.

Resumen Los dos primeros meses de la llegada de Covid-19 a Brasil, y especialmente a la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, han suscitado una serie de controversias. Uno de ellos fue alrededor de cuerpos que tendrían que permanecer expuestos al virus para garantizar el funcionamiento de servicios que "no podían parar" o que estarían directamente involucrados en la lucha contra la enfermedad. En la pandemia, en este evento "sobrecogedor", se equiparó a médicos y otros profesionales de la salud, poblaciones vulnerables, trabajadores precarios, ancianos y pacientes crónicos. A través del relato de un viaje para visitar a mi padre, la interacción en las páginas de Facebook del barrio, las conversaciones con interlocutores (por teléfono y en grupos de WhatsApp) y a través de noticias de diferentes medios, el texto sigue algunas controversias, en particular, la idea aceptada por sectores de la sociedad y el gobierno de que determinados cuerpos podrían quedar más expuestos al virus y, por tanto, más expuestos a la muerte.

Photobiomodulation: Shining Light on COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that light could reduce the lethality of COVID-19. Methods: Most models for projections of the spread and lethality of COVID-19 take into account the ambient temperature, neglecting light. Recent advances in understanding the mechanism of action of COVID-19 have shown that it causes a systemic infection that significantly affects the hematopoietic system and hemostasis, factors extremely dependent of light, mainly in the region of visible and infrared radiation. Results: In the COVID-19 patients hemoglobin is decreasing and protoporphyrin is increasing, generating an extremely harmful accumulation of iron ions in the bloodstream, which are able to induce an intense inflammatory process in the body with a consequent increase in C-reactive protein and albumin. Observing the unsaturation characteristics of the cyclic porphyrin ring allows it to absorb and emit radiation mainly in the visible region. This characteristic can represent an important differential to change this process in the event of an imbalance in this system, through the photobiomodulation to increase the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using red and near-infrared radiation (R-NIR) and vitamin D using ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. These two compounds have the primary role of activating the defense mechanisms of the immune system, enabling greater resistance of the individual against the attack by the virus. According to the theory of electron excitation in photosensitive molecules, similar to hemoglobin heme, after the photon absorption there would be an increase in the stability of the iron ion bond with the center of the pyrrole ring, preventing the losses of heme function oxygen transport (HbO2). The light is also absorbed by cytochrome c oxidase in the R-NIR region, with a consequent increase in electron transport, regulating enzyme activity and resulting in a significant increase of oxygen rate consumption by mitochondria, increasing ATP production. Conclusions: The most favorable range of optical radiation to operate in this system is between R-NIR region, in which cytochrome c oxidase and porphyrin present absorption peaks centered at 640 nm and HbO2 with absorption peak centered at 900 nm. Based on the mechanisms described earlier, our hypothesis is that light could reduce the lethality of COVID-19.

Investigating predictors of community integration in individuals after stroke in a residential setting: A longitutinal study.

AIM: To identify potential predictors of community integration in individuals after stroke using a residential setting-based strategy. METHOD: A prospective cohort of post-stroke individuals was recruited from the Stroke Unit of the Roberto Santos General Hospital (UAVC-HGRS). All included individuals were aged over 18 years, received a diagnosis of ischemic stroke confirmed by neuroimaging and resided in the city of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil). Following discharge from the stroke unit, the individuals themselves, or their responsible parties, were contacted by telephone to schedule a home visit no less than three months after discharge. All subjects were examined in their homes, at which time the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) was also applied. A robust linear regression model was used to assess community reintegration using CIQ score as the outcome variable. RESULTS: A total of 124 individuals effectively fulfilled the eligibility criteria: 51.6% were females, the median (IQR) age was 63(53-69) years, 82.3% were non-white, 53.2% were married, the median (IQR) of years of schooling was 6 (4-12) and family income averaged two minimum monthly wages. Investigated individuals presented a median (IQR) NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 7 (4-12). Multivariate linear regression identified the following independent predictors of community integration: age (ß = -0.095; 95% CI = -0.165 to -0.025; p = 0.008), diabetes mellitus (ß = -2.348; 95% CI = -4.125 to -0.571; p = 0.010), smoking habit (ß = -2.951; 95% CI = -5.081 to -0.821; p = 0.007), functional capacity upon hospital discharge (ß = 0.168; 95% CI = 0.093 to 0.242; p = <0.001) and stroke severity (ß = -0.163; CI = -0.318 to -0.009); p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of length of time since stroke, individuals present restrictions that compromise their reintegration into their respective communities. The demographic, clinical and functional factors identified herein as potential predictors should be considered when conducting regular follow-up, as well as in the rehabilitation of individuals after stroke with the purpose to identify the interventions necessary to optimize their reintegration into the community.

Diagnosing sickle cell disease and iron deficiency anemia in human blood by Raman spectroscopy.

This work proposed the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and sickle cell disease (SCD) in human blood caused by iron deficiency and hemoglobin S (HbS), which are among the most common anemias, by means of Raman spectroscopy. Whole blood samples from patients diagnosed with IDA and HbS, as well as from normal subjects (HbA), were obtained and submitted to Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 150 mW, 400-1800 cm-1 spectral range, 4 cm-1 resolution). Difference spectra of IDA-HbA showed spectral features of hemoglobin with less intensity in the IDA, whereas the difference spectra of SCD-HbA showed spectral features of deoxyhemoglobin increased and of oxyhemoglobin decreased in SCD. An exploratory analysis by principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the peaks referred to oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin markedly differentiated SCD and HbA, as well as the increased amount of hemoglobin features in the SCD group, suggesting increased erythropoiesis. The IDA group showed hemoglobin features with lower intensities as well as peaks referred to the iron bonding to the porphyrin ring with reduced intensities when compared to the HbA. Discriminant analysis based on partial least squares (PLS-DA) and PCA (PCA-DA) showed that the IDA and SCD anemias could be discriminated from the HbA spectra with 95.0% and 93.8% of accuracy, for the PLS and PCA respectively, with sensitivity/specificity of 93.8%/95.7% for the PLS-DA model. The iron depletion and the sickling of erythrocytes could be identified by Raman spectroscopy and a spectral model based on PLS accurately discriminated these IDA and SCD samples from the normal HbA.

End-of-life management in intensive care units: a multicentre observational prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUNDS: The study was conducted to evaluate intensive care unit (ICU) patients that ultimately died but could have met criteria for end-of-life management/palliative care (ELM-PC), and to analyse the application of components of palliative care, either "unperformed procedures" or elements of "futile/unnecessary treatment". METHODS: An observational prospective cohort in five ICUs in Southern Brazil. Adult patients who died were evaluated, searching for criteria for ELM-PC. The correct application of nine preselected items by the ICU team was studied. RESULTS: Among 253 admissions, 52 patients died; among these, 38.5% met criteria for ELM-PC. Among ELM-PC candidates (n = 20), the ELM-PC was started later (after day 3) in 60%, and only three patients received adequate palliative care. "Analgesia" and "daily family interviews" were the most correctly applied ELM-PC elements. "Terminal extubation/weaning" was not performed in any of the patients. A reduction in the lifespan from the onset of ELM-PC to death was observed in patients who underwent "correct" interventions - 66.6% died on the first day of ELM-PC. CONCLUSIONS: In a patient cohort from a low-medium-income country, one-third of patients who died in the ICU had criteria (indications) for ELM-PC; however, the palliative care was adequately performed for only 15% of patients, with great heterogeneity and delays regarding its initiation.

Influence of neural mobilization in the sympathetic slump position on the behavior of the autonomic nervous system

Abstract Introduction The neural mobilization technique in the sympathetic slump position (NMSS) was based on the slump test, whose purpose was to directly influence the sympathetic trunk and thus provide greater analgesia by sympathetic activation and treat pain syndromes caused by peripheral sympathetic changes. Therefore, as the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for extrinsic regulation of the cardiovascular system through sympathetic and parasympathetic action, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the NMSS technique on the systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate variability in athlete and non-athlete men. Methods Twenty-eight subjects performed the procedure that was divided into three phases: rest; intervention and recovery, lasting 4 minutes and 30 seconds each, totaling a 13-minute and 30 seconds collection time. Results The results showed that the NMSS technique significantly influences the action/activity of the ANS, as there was predominant sympathetic activation during the application of the technique, which was observed by the increase in systolic blood pressure, low frequency (LF), LF/HF ratio and decreased values of high frequency (HF). Conclusion It may be concluded that the neural mobilization technique on the sympathetic slump (NMSS) significantly influences the ANS action/activity. Among the groups there was no statistically significant difference in heart rate variability. It is worth noting that patients with cardiovascular disorders may be at risk if the NMSS technique is applied, since there was an increase in SBP and sympathetic activation during its application in both groups.

Educação permanente na reorganização do processo de trabalho no serviço de emergência / Continuing education in the reorganization of the work process in the emergency

Essa pesquisa deu origem a dois produtos, Banner e Folder, cuja intenção foi divulgar o rol de procedimentos odontológicos eleitos como urgência /emergência a ser encaminhado a equipe de odontologia do PSC, e que foram construídos pelos participantes da pesquisa, baseado no rol de procedimentos da ANS

A educação permanente em saúde como contribuição para o registro de enfermagem / The permanent education in health as a contribution to the registration of nursing

A educação permanente em saúde possibilita uma reflexão sobre a prática profissional que desencadeia questionamentos. Assim se inicia uma movimentação, uma inquietação, uma busca conjunta por soluções alcançáveis para cada realidade de trabalho. É essa conscientização que nos encaminha a realizar melhores registros e consequentemente uma melhor assistência, com o objetivo de desenvolver uma prática de enfermagem com qualidade

LED phototherapy in full-thickness burns induced by CO2 laser in rats skin.

Many studies have been conducted on the treatment of burns because they are important in morbidity and mortality. These studies are mainly focused on improving care and quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was evaluate the LED phototherapy effects in rats skin full-thickness burns induced by CO2 laser. The animals were divided in NT group that did not received any treatment and LED group that received LED irradiation at 685 nm, 220 mW, and 4.5 J/cm2 during 40 s by burned area. Biopsies were obtained after 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment and submitted to histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The LED phototherapy shows anti-inflammatory effects, improves angiogenesis, and stimulates the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts. The T CD8+ lymphocytes were more common in burned areas compared to T CD4+ lymphocytes since statistically significant differences were observed in the LED group compared to the NT group after 7 days of treatment. These results showed that LED phototherapy performs positive influence in full-thickness burns repair from the healing process modulated by cellular immune response. The obtained results allowed inferring that burns exhibit a characteristic cell immune response and this cannot be extrapolated to other wounds such as incision and wounds induced by punch, among others.

Microscopic evaluation of rotatory and handle caries removal on glass ionomer cement/dentin interface

Aim: This study evaluated the interface between glass ionomer cement (GIC) and dentin using the conventional and atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) techniques for removal of decayed tissue. Materials and Methods: After preparation of the cavities by the conventional (Group I ­ GI) and ART (Group II ­ GII) techniques, the specimens were divided into 3 subgroups according to the GIC used (n=10). The conventional GIC KETAC FILL (3M/ESPE) was used in the groups GI-1 and GII-1, the conventional GIC VIDRION R (SS WHITE) in the groups GI-2 and GII-2, and the modified GIC FUJI II LC (GC Corporation) in the groups GI-3 and GII-3. For the microscopic analysis, the teeth were decalcified in a solution containing equal portions of 50% formic acid and 20% sodium citrate, dehydrated and submitted to paraffin baths. The samples were sectioned (6m in thickness), stained by the Brown and Brenn method, and evaluated in a light microscope. Results: The microscopic analysis revealed interaction between the material and dentin structure only with the FUJI II LC. In addition, the behavior was superior for the conventional technique in comparison to the ART technique. Conclusion: It was concluded that the technique used for carious dentin removal does not seem to be determinant for the bonding of ionomeric materials to the dental structure, except for the resin-modified GIC in which the formed hybrid layer was higher using the conventional technique

Educação permanente e qualidade de vida: envelhecimento saudável de trabalhadores de uma escola pública / Permanent education and quality of life: healthy aging of public school workers

Este estudo tem como objeto a educação permanente como ferramenta para a melhora da qualidade de vida no processo do envelhecimento saudável dos trabalhadores da Escola Técnica Estadual do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAETEC) ­ Campus Marechal Hermes/ RJ. O objetivo geral foi utilizar a educação permanente com os trabalhadores dessa escola estadual, de forma a contribuir para uma qualidade de vida nas etapas do envelhecimento saudável. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar as necessidades dos trabalhadores da escola sobre qualidade de vida no processo do envelhecimento saudável; descrever a visão dos trabalhadores sobre a possibilidade de mudança no processo do envelhecimento saudável; elaborar, em conjunto com os trabalhadores, métodos criativos e possíveis com a realidade social e econômica para melhorar a qualidade de vida no processo do envelhecimento saudável. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário da pesquisa foi o centro de idioma e informática da Escola Técnica Estadual do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAETEC), localizada em Marechal Hermes, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa contou com quatro etapas, e os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram: 1º) Construção, pela pesquisadora, a partir da demanda dos servidores, do projeto piloto "Ginástica Laboral" encaminhado à gestão; 2) Questionário semiestruturado por meio do qual se realizou a análise de conteúdo de Bardin; 3) Reconstrução do projeto "Ginástica Laboral" com o envolvimento dos trabalhadores, tendo como norte a política de educação permanente em saúde (PEPS) e Freire (2010), intitulado "Círculo de Convivência Laboral"; e 4) Apresentação, aprovação e institucionalização do novo projeto no conselho gestor. Destaca-se como resultados as seguintes quatro categorias que emergiram dos questionários foram: 1) Identificando-se com a educação permanente em saúde, que compreende a Educação Permanente ou reconhece o seu conceito, pois, apesar dessa política não estar no âmbito escolar, ela está embasada em Freire (2010); 2) Reconhecimento da ignorância do saber por Sócrates: "só sei que nada sei", que revelou que só 1% fez relação com a educação continuada ou não entendeu ou não respondeu; 3) Aprendendo a decidir: escolhas saudáveis, que demonstrou que os participantes reconhecem o significado do processo de envelhecimento saudável como qualidade de vida; 4) Mudanças de paradigmas: propor métodos criativos, que evidenciou que muitos participantes necessitam de uma política de educação que favoreça hábitos saudáveis com o objetivo de alcançar um novo estilo de vida. Os produtos elaborados nessa pesquisa foram: um material informativo para circular através do whatsApp, panfletos para serem distribuídos nas escolas e banner para ficar no local onde aconteceu o encontro da Ginástica Laboral: "Círculo de convivência laboral". Concluiu-se que o processo de promoção da educação permanente no ambiente escolar evidenciou seu caráter inovador, através do tema "qualidade de vida, em todas as etapas do envelhecimento saudável". Assim sendo, possibilitar-se-á uma nova demanda ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), pois a proposta é sair de um modelo biomédico, em que há uma grande medicalização, e, objetivando prevenir doenças como hipertensão, diabetes e obesidades, passarmos a promover mais saúde, de modo a contribuir para as mudanças de paradigmas. Vislumbra-se a possibilidade de transformar a realidade do senso comum em senso crítico, quando se fala de saúde física, mental e alimentar, com a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores envolvidos na pesquisa. Esse processo deverá funcionar como uma potente ferramenta de promoção da saúde para os próprios trabalhadores da educação, e pretende-se expandir para trabalhadores de outros locais da escola

The present study has as its object the permanent education as a means to improve the quality of life in the healthy aging process of the workers from Escola Técnica Estadual do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAETEC) - the Marechal Hermes/RJ Campus. The general objective has been to use the permanent education with the workers from this state school, so as to contribute to a quality of life during the stages of healthy aging. The specific objectives were the following: identifying the needs of the school workers related to quality of life in the healthy aging process; describing the workers' perspective about the possibility of change in the healthy aging process; elaborating, together with the workers, creative and possible methods with respect to the social and economic reality in order to improve the quality of life in the healthy aging process. The methodology used was the Research-Action with a qualitative approach. The research's scenario was the language and computing center at the Escola Técnica Estadual do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAETEC), located in the neighborhood of Marechal Hermes, in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The research relied on four steps, and the data collection tools used were the following: 1st) Construction, by the researcher, from the servants' demand, of the pilot project "Labor Gymnastics" forwarded to management; 2) Semi-structured Questionnaire by which means the Bardin's content analysis was carried out; 3) Reconstruction of the "Labor Gymnastics" project with the workers' engagement, always aiming at the permanent education policy in health (PEPS) and Freire (2010) entitled "Labor Interaction Circle"; and 4) Presentation, approval and institutionalization of the new project in the managing board. Four categories must be pointed out as results which emerged from the questionnaires: 1) Identifying themselves with the permanent education in health, which either embraces the Permanent Education or recognizes its concept, given that, although this policy is not within the school environment, it is based on Freire (2010); 2) Recognition of the ignorance of knowledge by Socrates: "I know that I know nothing", which revealed that only 1% made a connection with either the continued education or did not understand or did not respond; 3) Learning to decide: healthy choices, which demonstrated that the participants recognized the meaning of the healthy aging process as quality of life; 4) Changes of paradigms: propose creative methods, which evidenced that many participants need an education policy which favors healthy habits with the objective to achieve a new life style. The products elaborated in this research were: a information material to move around through Whatsapp, pamphlets for distribution at schools and a banner to remain where the meeting of Labor Gymnastics: "Circle of Labor Interaction" took place. It has been concluded that the process of promoting the permanent education within the school environment demonstrated its innovative character, through the topic "quality of life, during all the steps of healthy aging". Therefore, it will enable a new demand to the SUS (Unified Health System), since the proposal is to move out from a biomedical model, in which there is a great medicalization, and aiming at the prevention of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and obesities, start to promote a healthier lifestyle, so as to contribute to the changes of paradigms. We see the possibility of transforming the reality of the common sense into a critical sense, when dealing with physical, mental and nutritional health, with the improvement of the life quality of the workers involved in the research. This process will work as a powerful tool to promote health for the education workers themselves, and it is intended to expand to workers of other areas of the school

Iron(III)-Based Magnetic Resonance-Imageable Liposomal T1 Contrast Agent for Monitoring Temperature-Induced Image-Guided Drug Delivery.

OBJECTIVES: Drug-loaded temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSLs) allow heat-triggered local drug delivery to tumors. When magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) is applied to heat up the tumor, corelease of a drug together with an MR contrast agent (CA) from TSLs allows for indirect imaging of the drug release with MR imaging. However, liposomal encapsulation of commonly used gadolinium (Gd)-based MR CAs leads to prolonged retention times in the liver and spleen, which could lead to a transmetallation and redistribution of Gd to other organs. Therefore, an alternative non-Gd-containing T1-MR CA based on encapsulated Fe-succinyl deferoxamine (Fe-SDFO) is proposed as a safe alternative for similar Gd-based systems in image-guided drug delivery applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Temperature-sensitive liposomes were loaded with either doxorubicin or Fe-SDFO. Both systems were characterized in vitro with respect to stability, release kinetics, and MR imaging properties. In an in vivo proof-of-concept study, rats bearing a subcutaneous glioma on their hind limb were injected intravenously with a mixture of TSLs encapsulating doxorubicin or Fe-SDFO. Afterwards, the tumors were subjected to an MR-HIFU treatment (2 × 10-15 minutes at 42°C, n = 5) or a control treatment (n = 5). The release of Fe-SDFO from TSLs was quantified in vivo with R1 maps and correlated with the ex vivo determined tumor doxorubicin concentration. RESULTS: Temperature-sensitive liposomes containing doxorubicin or Fe-SDFO were comparable in diameter and phase transition temperature Tm. Both systems showed a fast release at 42°C and good stability at 37°C. Unheated Fe-SDFO-TSLs displayed an r1 of 0.80 ± 0.01 mMs (T = 37°C, B = 3 T), which increased to 1.35 ± 0.02 mMs after release at 42°C. In MR-HIFU studies, tumor R1 maps showed an average relaxation rate change upon heating of ΔR1 = 0.20 ± 0.04 s. The R1 change across the tumor was not always homogeneous. The doxorubicin uptake in the tumor showed a linear correlation with the induced ΔR1 (Radj = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: Doxorubicin-loaded and Fe-SDFO-loaded TSLs displayed favorable release and stability characteristics in vitro. An in vivo proof-of-concept study showed the feasibility of monitoring drug release using the newly designed iron(III)-based CA loaded TSLs. The measured R1-contrast change correlated with the amount of doxorubicin delivered to the tumor. Moreover, the pattern of R1 change could elucidate the pattern of drug release across the tumor. This new iron(III)-based liposomal MR CA is a promising alternative to comparable Gd-based systems.

Dental bleaching with ozone: effects on color and enamel microhardness / Clareamento dental com ozônio: efeitos na cor e na microdureza do esmalte

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of dentalbleaching with ozone (O3) on color change and enamelmicrohardness. Enamel blocks (3 x 3 x 3mm) were randomlydistributed for treatments (n=10). Color change (ΔE) and Knoopmicrohardness of the enamel blocks were evaluated before andafter the following treatments: C – deionized water (control); HP– 37.5% hydrogen peroxide (Pola Office+/ SDI); PLA – placebogel; O3– ozone; and O2– oxygen. Four 8-minute applicationswere used for HP and PLA, and one 19-minute application for O3and O2.One-way ANOVA revealed that ΔE was not significantlyinfluenced by the treatment (p = 0.112). For the treatments withHP, PLA, O3 and O2, ΔE was greater than 3.3. The paired t testshowed significant decrease in microhardness after treatments (p< 0.001) but no significant difference between treatments(ANOVA; p = 0.313). Dental bleaching treatments with O3, HP,O2and PLA induced enamel color changes that may be clinicallydiscernible, although enamel microhardeness decreased.

O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi avaliar os efeitos doclareamento dental com ozônio (O3) quanto à alteração de core microdureza do esmalte. Blocos de esmalte (3 x 3 x 3mm)foram aleatoriamente distribuídos entre os tratamentos(n=10). Alteração de cor (ΔE) e microdureza Knoop foramavaliados antes e após cada um dos seguintes tratamentos: C– água deionizada (controle); PH – peróxido de hidrogênio a37,5% (Pola Office+/ SDI); PLA – gel placebo; O3– ozônio;O2– oxigênio. Quatro aplicações de PH e PLA foramrealizadas por 8 minutos cada e uma aplicação de O3e O2foram realizados por 19 minutos em cada bloco de esmalte.ANOVA a um critério mostrou que os valores de ΔE não foramsignificativamente influenciados pelo tratamento (p = 0,112).Para os tratamentos com PH, PLA, O3 e O2, o ΔE foi maior que3,3. O teste t pareado mostrou diminução significativa dosvalores de microdureza no final do tratamento quandocomparado com o tempo baseline (p < 0,001), mas não houvediferença significativa entre os tratamentos (ANOVA; p =0,313). O tratamento com O3, PH, O2e PLA levou a alteraçãode cor do esmalte clinicamente perceptível, embora tenha sidoobservada diminuição da microdureza do esmalte com arealização dos tratamentos.

Detecting alterations of glucose and lipid components in human serum by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy

Introduction Raman spectroscopy may become a tool for the analysis of glucose and triglycerides in human serum in real time. This study aimed to detect spectral differences in lipid and glucose components of human serum, thus evaluating the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for diagnostic purposes. Methods A total of 44 samples of blood serum were collected from volunteers and submitted for clinical blood biochemical analysis. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) were obtained using standard biochemical assays. Serum samples were placed in Eppendorf tubes (200 µL), kept cooled (5 °C) and analyzed with near-infrared Raman spectroscopy (830 nm, 250 mW, 50 s accumulation). The mean spectra of serum with normal or altered concentrations of each parameter were compared to determine which Raman bands were related to the differences between these two groups. Results Differences in peak intensities of altered sera compared to normal ones depended on the parameter under analysis: for glucose, peaks were related to glucose; for lipid compounds the main changes occurred in the peaks related to cholesterol, lipids (mainly triolein) and proteins. Principal Components Analysis discriminated altered glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides from the normal serum based on the differences in the concentration of these compounds. Conclusion Differences in the peak intensities of selected Raman bands could be seen in normal and altered blood serum samples, and may be employed as a means of diagnosis in clinical analysis.

A educação em saúde como medida de prevenção e promoção da saúde bucal / Health education as a measure of prevention and promotion of oral health

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os projetos desenvolvidos na área de educação em saúde nas escolas públicas, bem como aceitação de pais, educadores e alunos. Foi feito um estudo epidemiológico quantitativo. A população estudada foi constituída de crianças do sexto ao nono ano do ensino fundamental, seus respectivos responsáveis e professores. A maioria dos participantes aceitaram o projeto de educar em saúde. Os professores afirmaram que 70% dos alunos demonstram interesse pelo tema de educação em saúde bucal. Os entrevistados se puseram dispostos a participar de um programa em conjunto envolvendo pais, professores e alunos. Todos os professores participantes consideraram essa integração importante, podendo ocorrer, principalmente, através de projetos pedagógicos. O grupo estudado, além de obter mais conhecimento em saúde bucal, também destacou a importância da presença dos alunos de Odontologia da UEA na escola...

The objective of this study was to get to know health education projects developed in public schools, as well as to assess acceptance of parents, educators, and students. The study samples was composed by students from sixth to ninth grade; their guardians and teachers. Most participants accepted well the health education project. Teachers stated that 70% of students were interested in oral health education. Respondents stood ready to participate in a joint program between parents, teachers and students. All teachers considered this integration important, and pointed out the possibility of it occurrence mainly through educational projects. The studied group, gained knowledge on oral health, and highlighted the importance of the presence of dentistry students from UEA at the school...